In this study, the effect of environmental concern, attitudes and behaviors of the university students on the environmentally conscious purchasing behavior was investigated with the help of Structural Equation Model (SEM). SEM is an effective data analysis tool that expresses the complicated causative relations between the latent variables. In this study, we collected the data from 400 university students by means of a survey. The results of this research showed that environmental attitudes, environmental behavior and green product awareness have a positive effect on environmentally conscious purchasing behavior. The developed model showed that, environmental concern explains 48% of the variation in the environmental attitudes and 28% of the product recovery awareness; environmental attitudes and product recovery awareness explain 55% of green product awareness; environmental attitudes explains 44% of the variation in the environmental behavior; environmental attitudes, green product awareness and environmental behavior explain 74% of the variation in the environmentally conscious purchasing behavior.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of positive and negative emotions on students’ motivated learning behavior (i.e., their intended effort) to learn English in the Hungarian context. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that we examined a number of positive and negative emotions and their effects on enjoyment as well as anxiety. The latter two emotions were linked to students’ motivated learning behavior, too. Data were collected with the help of a validated questionnaire in Hungary, in the school years of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. In order to fulfil our aim, we carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) for two groups of students, males (n = 467) and females (n = 682), as we were also interested in gender-related similarities and differences. The most important findings show that emotions like curiosity and pride can exert their influence through enjoyment while confusion and shame can do the same via anxiety. However, pride, boredom and apathy neither fed into the overarching emotions of enjoyment and anxiety, nor did they influence motivated learning behavior directly in our sample, which might signal the possible contribution of more cognitively oriented mediators. Finally, no gender differences could be identified regarding the relationships of the constructs.

Many of the great strategies of companies with good plans and program face failure. If the managers' mental models as the source of their thinking contradict these plans, these plans will not be successful. Managers can increase the probability of success of strategies by shaping their minds and examining and developing their mental image. One of the products with high potential in export and foreign exchange in the country and especially in Khuzestan province is dates, which has many areas of growth and progress in this field by creating an efficient marketing and structuring approach. Important and basic export of Khuzestan dates; Presented a mental model of date export obstacles in Khuzestan province. This research was a type of exploratory mixed research, in the qualitative part based on the theory derived from the data and in the quantitative part based on the descriptive-survey method. The qualitative part of the tool was a semi-structured interview and the quantitative part was based on a questionnaire. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts, specialists, and date exporters, and saturation was achieved after interviewing 20 people. In this research, the qualitative part was analyzed with Max Kyuda software and the quantitative part was analyzed based on Lisrel software. The results showed that individual thinking; collective thinking; decision-making power; direct individual understanding; type of individual behavior; Creativity; developing a mental image of oneself; Understanding export behavior and simplifying complex issues is one of the obstacles to exporting dates. Based on the impact on the central category of the mental model of date export obstacles, in addition to the quantitative model, the pattern obtained based on the qualitative model was confirmed. Based on the findings, a multi-dimensional marketing system should be created based on the related structure and commercial knowledge to reduce the barriers to date export, and macro laws and regulations can help in improving and speeding up the barriers in this field.

The application of Statistical modelling techniques so called as Stractural Equation Modelling (SEM) to an industrial case, is the main objective of this paper. SEM is a powerful modeling technique that can combine complex path models with latent variables (factors). The basic elements involved in SEM, like factor analysis specially confirmatory kind of it, are illustrated. In a modelling process the conceptual framework of The Impact of CAD/CAM/CAE Virtual Integration on Organization(s) Survival is modeled using SEM. The developed model is tested on using the data from automative manufacturing organizations of IRAN. Symbolic presentation of the theoretical model and testing is done using one of the powerful software of SEM called LISREL.

Background: Childbearing is considered to be one of the main purposes of marriage in Iranian culture. The aim of this study was to assess relationships among age of marriage, religious and educational levels, participation of couples in childbearing and finical status with childbearing motivation using structural equation model. Materials and Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of previous data; 450 young couples attending four healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran, included in this study. Sampling method was convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling was performed using AMOS version 19.0. Model was tested using maximum likelihood. Goodness of fit of the model was evaluated based on the Chi-square to degree of freedom ratio (X2/df), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA).Results: Mean age for women and men were 22.16±4.84 and 26.02±4.6 year-old, respectively. The result of our study showed that suggested childbearing motivation model was well fit with data (GFI=0.96; CFI=0.96; RMSEA=0.063, and X2/df=4.51). Marriage age and educational level significantly negatively associated with childbearing motivation, respectively (standardized b=-0.082, p=0.018), and (standardized b =-0.222.p<0.001). Religious level was positively significantly associated with positive motivation (standardized b =0.226, p<0.001). Participation of couples in childbearing had a significantly strong positive motivation (standardized β=0.56, p<0.001). The R-squared value for childbearing motivation model was 0.34.Conclusion: The findings indicated that the couple’s childbearing motivations were influenced by educational level, participation of couples in childbearing, marriage age and religious level.